复旦新假说：人类扩张“激”出农业

2011-10-09 12:59 · Dana

农业产生的激新假说，即东亚人群的复旦扩张造成的食物需求可能是农业产生的主要动因，而农业的新假产生和发展进一步推动了人群的继续扩张。

最新一期美国《公共科学图书馆—综合》(PLoS one)刊发了复旦大学现代人类学教育部重点实验室的说人一项成果，其中提出了农业产生的类扩新假说，即东亚人群的张出扩张造成的食物需求可能是农业产生的主要动因，而农业的农业产生和发展进一步推动了人群的继续扩张。

项目负责人之一、激复旦大学教授金力10月8日介绍，复旦农业起源时间大约在距今6000年到8000年间，新假不过早期的说人农作物是属于补充性食物，并非食物的类扩主要来源，形成真正的张出农业大约是4000年到6000年之间。此前科学家们大多认为，农业有了农业文明才有了人群增长。激

此次研究团队对一个随机采取的样本、共367个个体的线粒体全基因组进行了分析，其中包括249个中国人和118个日本人。结果发现，除了两个日本特有的支系外，所有的东亚人群中的主要支系均在13000年前发生了扩张，这个时间明显早于一般认为的农业起源时间。东亚地区人群的扩张，显然早于农业文明。

金力介绍，大约在距今15000年前，东亚地区重要的气候改变期——末次盛冰期结束了。冰川开始消退，气候变暖；植被开始茂盛，动物数量也随之增加。研究团队因此推论，随着当时食物的丰富人群开始扩张，随着人口数量增加食物需求也增加了，因而农业也进一步发达起来。而农业的产生和发展又进一步推动了人群的继续扩张。

《公共科学图书馆》是一家由众多诺贝尔奖得主和慈善机构支持的非赢利性学术组织，旨在推广世界各地的科学和医学领域的最新研究成果。该期刊被认为探索性较强。

 

相关英文论文摘要

Human Migration through Bottlenecks from Southeast Asia into East Asia
during Last Glacial Maximum Revealed by Y Chromosomes

Molecular anthropological studies of the populations in and around East Asia have resulted in the discovery that most of the Y-chromosome lineages of East Asians came from Southeast Asia. However, very few Southeast Asian populations had been investigated, and therefore, little was known about the purported migrations from Southeast Asia into East Asia and their roles in shaping the genetic structure of East Asian populations. Here, we present the Y-chromosome data from 1,652 individuals belonging to 47 Mon-Khmer (MK) and Hmong-Mien (HM) speaking populations that are distributed primarily across Southeast Asia and extend into East Asia. Haplogroup O3a3b-M7, which appears mainly in MK and HM, indicates a strong tie between the two groups. The short tandem repeat network of O3a3b-M7 displayed a hierarchical expansion structure (annual ring shape), with MK haplotypes being located at the original point, and the HM and the Tibeto-Burman haplotypes distributed further away from core of the network. Moreover, the East Asian dominant haplogroup O3a3c1-M117 shows a network structure similar to that of O3a3b-M7. These patterns indicate an early unidirectional diffusion from Southeast Asia into East Asia, which might have resulted from the genetic drift of East Asian ancestors carrying these two haplogroups through many small bottle-necks formed by the complicated landscape between Southeast Asia and East Asia. The ages of O3a3b-M7 and O3a3c1-M117 were estimated to be approximately 19 thousand years, followed by the emergence of the ancestors of HM lineages out of MK and the unidirectional northward migrations into East Asia.

 

英文论文链接：https://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0024282
 

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